An unarmed security guard job plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and security of properties, people, and assets—without the use of firearms. These professionals are present in various environments such as malls, office buildings, schools, hospitals, residential areas, and event venues. As security concerns grow globally, the demand for unarmed security guards continues to rise, making it a reliable and stable career path.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of unarmed security guard roles, responsibilities, required qualifications, and more.
Job Description
An unarmed security guard is responsible for maintaining a safe environment by observing and reporting suspicious activities, enforcing rules and regulations, and acting as a visible deterrent to crime or misconduct. Unlike armed guards, they do not carry firearms but may carry non-lethal tools like pepper spray, flashlights, or batons (depending on state laws and employer policies).
Typical duties include:
- Monitoring surveillance cameras
- Conducting foot patrols of the premises
- Checking identification or credentials
- Reporting incidents or safety hazards
- Assisting visitors or employees
- Responding to alarms or emergencies
The core of this role is vigilance, professionalism, and strong communication skills. Unarmed security guards must be prepared to act quickly and appropriately during potentially tense situations, using de-escalation tactics and effective observation.
Qualifications and Requirements
Although requirements can vary by state or employer, most unarmed security guard jobs have the following qualifications and requirements:
Basic Requirements:
- High school diploma or GED
- Must be at least 18 years old (21 in some states or for certain assignments)
- Legal eligibility to work in the country
- Clean criminal record (background checks are standard)
- Valid driver’s license (optional, but often preferred)
Certifications and Training:
- Completion of a certified unarmed security guard training program (varies by state)
- CPR and First Aid certification (often preferred or required)
- On-the-job training or orientation specific to the employer’s operations
Many states require guards to be licensed or registered. This often includes passing a background check, undergoing drug testing, and completing training hours. For example, in California, aspiring unarmed guards must obtain a Guard Card through the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services (BSIS).
Duties and Responsibilities
The primary duties and responsibilities of an unarmed security guard involve surveillance, reporting, and protection. Below is a more detailed breakdown:
- Patrolling Premises: Regular rounds inside and outside buildings to ensure no unauthorized activities are occurring.
- Monitoring Access Points: Checking doors, gates, and entrances to ensure only authorized individuals gain access.
- Writing Reports: Documenting observations, incidents, and any irregularities in detailed reports.
- Conflict Resolution: Managing disputes calmly and calling for assistance when necessary.
- Emergency Response: Alerting police, fire, or medical services in emergencies and guiding others to safety.
- Customer Service: Providing directions or assistance to visitors, creating a friendly yet authoritative presence.
Each work environment may assign specific tasks, but the overall goal remains consistent: to deter problems and promote safety.
Skills Needed
To excel in an unarmed security guard job, candidates should possess a combination of soft skills, physical capabilities, and basic technical knowledge. Key skills include:
Observation Skills
The ability to detect unusual or suspicious behavior quickly is essential. Guards must remain alert and notice small changes in the environment.
Communication
Clear verbal and written communication is vital, especially when interacting with the public or writing incident reports.
Conflict De-Escalation
Knowing how to calm potentially aggressive individuals without physical confrontation is a valued skill.
Physical Fitness
Guards often stand for long periods, patrol large areas, or react swiftly in emergencies, requiring good stamina and general fitness.
Integrity and Reliability
Employers look for individuals who are trustworthy, punctual, and responsible, as guards are often unsupervised.
Basic Technology Use
Familiarity with security systems, radios, mobile apps, or surveillance tools can enhance job performance.
Work Environment
Unarmed security guards work in diverse environments, each offering unique challenges and expectations:
Office Buildings and Corporate Settings
In these locations, guards focus on access control, visitor management, and after-hours patrols. Professional appearance and customer service skills are highly valued.
Retail Stores and Shopping Centers
Guards deter shoplifting, manage crowds during sales, and ensure the safety of staff and shoppers.
Hospitals and Clinics
Security in medical environments involves monitoring entrances, assisting staff during disturbances, and ensuring compliance with health and safety protocols.
Residential Complexes
Guards may man security gates, patrol common areas, and respond to resident concerns.
Events and Public Gatherings
Temporary assignments at concerts, sporting events, or political rallies require crowd control and heightened vigilance.
Some guards work indoors in air-conditioned spaces, while others are stationed outdoors regardless of weather conditions. The job may require standing or walking for long periods and occasional night shifts, weekends, or holidays.
Training and Certification
Training for unarmed security guards often includes both classroom instruction and hands-on practice. Core training topics may include:
- Legal powers and limitations
- Ethics and professionalism
- Emergency procedures
- Public relations
- Report writing
- Observation techniques
- Fire prevention and safety
After training, candidates may need to pass a written exam and background check to obtain a state license or guard card.
Some reputable training providers include:
- Allied Universal Security Services
- Securitas USA Training Academy
- State-certified private security schools
Continuing education may be required to maintain certification or stay current with legal updates and procedural changes.
Career Outlook
The career outlook for unarmed security guards is promising. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of security guards is projected to grow around 3% from 2022 to 2032, which is about as fast as the average for all occupations.
Factors driving demand include:
Increased awareness of safety in public and private settings
A rise in property crimes
Expanded need for security at healthcare facilities and retail establishments
Unarmed guards may start in entry-level roles and advance to supervisory or managerial positions with experience. Some move into specialized security areas such as loss prevention, private investigation, or corporate security.
Salary Expectations
The average salary for an unarmed security guard in the United States varies depending on location, experience, industry, and employer.
National Average:
- Hourly wage: $13 to $20
- Annual salary: $27,000 to $42,000
Influencing Factors:
- Geographic Location: Guards in metropolitan areas typically earn more due to cost of living and risk level.
- Experience: Senior guards or those with specialized skills earn higher wages.
- Employer: Large security firms or government contracts may offer better compensation packages, including benefits like health insurance and paid time off.
In states like California or New York, guards may earn significantly more than the national average, while rural areas tend to offer lower wages.
How to Apply
Landing an unarmed security guard job involves a few structured steps:
Complete Required Training
Enroll in a state-approved training course and obtain any required certifications or guard cards.
Prepare a Resume
Highlight your education, relevant skills, and any prior experience in customer service, law enforcement, or security.
Search for Jobs
Look for openings on:
- Online job boards (Indeed, ZipRecruiter, Glassdoor)
- Security company websites (Allied Universal, Securitas, GardaWorld)
- Local government or municipal listings
Submit Applications
Tailor each application to the job’s requirements. Be sure to include references and your availability.
Attend Interviews
Prepare to discuss scenarios related to customer service, conflict resolution, and decision-making under pressure.
Pass Background Check
Employers typically conduct background checks and may require drug testing before finalizing employment. Some companies may offer on-the-job training after hiring, especially if you’re entering the field for the first time.
Conclusion
An unarmed security guard job offers a steady career path with a clear sense of purpose: protecting people and property without the use of firearms. It suits individuals with strong observational skills, a calm demeanor, and a sense of responsibility. While the requirements are relatively accessible, continuous training and professionalism are key to success in this field.